Efes Ancient City

Ephesus is one of the best-preserved ancient cities in the Mediterranean and a highlight of western Turkey. Located near modern-day Selçuk in Izmir Province, this remarkable archaeological site was once a thriving center of trade, culture, and religion in the ancient world.

Founded in the 10th century BCE and later flourishing under Greek and Roman rule, Ephesus became one of the most important cities of the Roman Empire in Asia Minor. At its peak, it had a population of more than 200,000 people, making it one of the largest cities of its time.

Where is Ephesus on the Map?

One of the most iconic monuments in Ephesus is the Library of Celsus. Built in the 2nd century CE, the library once housed thousands of scrolls and served as a monumental tomb for the Roman senator Tiberius Julius Celsus. Its beautifully restored façade is now one of the most photographed ancient structures in the world.

Another impressive structure is the Great Theatre of Ephesus, which could hold around 25,000 spectators. The theatre hosted dramatic performances, political gatherings, and even gladiator contests. Today, visitors can still climb its seats and imagine the scale of ancient public life.

Ephesus was also home to the legendary Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Although only a few ruins remain today, the temple once attracted pilgrims from across the ancient world and symbolized the city’s religious importance.

Walking along Curetes Street, visitors can see marble roads, fountains, temples, and luxurious terrace houses that once belonged to wealthy citizens. The advanced urban planning—complete with drainage systems, bathhouses, and public latrines—reveals the sophistication of Roman engineering.

Ephesus also holds deep significance in early Christian history. It is associated with St. Paul, who preached here, and it is mentioned in the Book of Revelation as one of the Seven Churches of Asia. Nearby sites such as the House of the Virgin Mary further add to its spiritual importance.

Today, Ephesus is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of Turkey’s most visited historical destinations. Its monumental architecture, layered history, and remarkable preservation offer visitors a powerful glimpse into life in the ancient world.